Defense Analysis Department Chair,  Dr. Bradley (BJ) Strawser

Professor Strawser is a leading expert in the ethics of war, just war theory, military ethics and applied ethics of new and emerging technology. He has led research projects for the National Science Foundation, the Navy, NIC, AISI, and other agencies and has received multiple prestigious awards, including the Menneken Award for Excellence in Scientific Research. Professor Strawser teaches critical thinking and ethical decision making, the ethical analysis of war, and other philosophy courses. He has published extensively across some of the top journals in his discipline as well as widely in public media outlets and he has published nine volumes from the top academic presses in his field.

Faculty

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John Arquilla
Distinguished Professor, Emeritus
Expertise: Military organizations and technological change, conflict in the information age, and strategic design
Ph.D., in Political Science, Stanford University,
jarquilla@nps.edu
John Arquilla earned his doctorate at Stanford University. He is one of the co-founders of the Defense Analysis program at NPS, and was department head from 2011-2019. Dr. Arquilla is best known for having coined the term "cyberwar," and for introducing and initially developing the concept of swarm tactics. PUBLICATIONS Principal contributions include: In Athena's Camp (1997) Networks and Netwars (2001) The Reagan Imprint (2006) Worst Enemy (2008) Insurgents, Raiders, and Bandits (2011) Afghan Endgames (2012) Why the Axis Lost (2020) Bitskrieg (2021) WIKIPEDIA PAGE 

Sally Baho
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: WPS; Inter- and Cross-Cultural Communication; Interagency Collaboration; Social Psychology
M.A., Food Studies, University of the Pacific, 2020
smbaho@nps.edu
831-760-1199
Mrs. Sally Baho joined the Naval Postgraduate School in 2011 as a Research Assistant in the Graduate School of Business and Public Policy, now the Department of Defense Management. In 2019 she moved to the Defense Analysis department in the Graduate School of Operations and Information Science to join the Global ECCO team. She has served as a copyeditor for the Combatting Terrorism eXchange (CTX) Journal, a quarterly journal which is part of Global ECCO. She is also a game-facilitator for the serious games that the global ECCO team manages and delivers in support of the Regional Defense Fellowship Program. She also manages the SOUTHCOM portfolio of courses for the CORE Lab. She has supported research on strategic communication and organizational behavior per Navy-sponsored research agendas each year. She has played an active role on projects ranging from Social Media usage among young sailors in the Navy to Middle Manager Support for Strategic Change. In addition to her support of academic research, she has worked with the former Partnership for Peace office in developing curricula for the Women, Peace, and Security workshop on the integration of women in Peacekeeping Operations with the United Nations. The workshop has been executed—first, with her assistance and now her management—over a dozen times in seven Latin American nations, with future events planned. Mrs. Baho received a Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry and Cell Biology from the University of California, San Diego and a Master of Arts in in Food Studies from the University of the Pacific in 2020. She is fluent in Levantine Arabic and Spanish. PUBLICATIONS Gibbons, D. E. & Baho, S. M. (2016). Women as UN Peacekeepers and Peacemakers. Naval Postgraduate School: Monterey, CA. Thomas, G.F., Neff, J., Stephens, K., & Baho, S. (2017). Gaining Middle Managers’ Support for Strategic Change: Literature Review. Naval Postgraduate School: Monterey, CA. Gibbons, D.E. &. Baho, S.M. (2020). Building Skills to Integrate, Protect, and Empower Women During Peacekeeping. Journal of Business Diversity, 20:4, 113-125. Thomas, G.F.; Gibbons, D.E.; & Baho, S.M. (2022) Prevention is Better than the Cure: The Development of Gray-Zone Situational Judgment Tests to Deter Sex and Gender Discrimination, Military Behavioral Health, 10:4, 368-378, DOI: 10.1080/21635781.2022.2026848 LANGUAGES  Native: English and Levantine Arabic (speaking); fluent in Spanish 

Kathleen Bailey
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: Environmental Policy, Policy Processes, Irregular Warfare, National Security, Serious/Strategic Games
Ph.D., Public Affairs, 2024
ksbailey@nps.edu
Dr. Bailey joined the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in 2004 as a Research Associate in the Defense Resources Management Institute (DRMI), transitioning to a Faculty Associate-Research position in 2014. In 2022 she moved into her current role supporting the Global ECCO (Education Community Collaboration Online) team in the Defense Analysis Department. She has been involved predominantly with the Regional Defense Fellowship Program (RDFP) evaluation team and facilitate ECCO serious games, but she is transitioning into the executive editor role for the Combating Threats eXchange (CTX) Journal. Beyond these efforts, Dr. Bailey has recently supported research to measure Navy personnel's perceptions of messages related to help-seeking for drugs, alcohol misuse, and mental health issues and the framing effects of stigma on the willingness to seek help for addiction or mental health issues; and improving the Navy performance management system, specifically fitness reports (FITREPs) and evaluations (EVALs). She has also engaged in developing table-top exercises (TTXs) for various DoD sponsors. Dr. Bailey received a BA in English and Environmental Studies from Alfred University, an MA in International Environmental Policy from the Monterey Institute of International Studies (now the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey), an MA in Security Studies: Western Hemisphere from NPS, and a Ph.D. in Public Affairs at the University of Colorado Denver. Her dissertation was titled "Local-Level Fracking Policy Conflicts: Examining Conflict Drivers, Cognitive Perspectives, and Behavioral Dynamics in Colorado." In addition to her Global ECCO work, Dr. Bailey has been serving as a Council Member for the Town of Mountain View, Colorado since November 2017 and on the Board of Directors for the Denver Regional Council of Governments (DRCOG) as Mountain View's representative since 2025.  PUBLICATIONS Peer-Reviewed Publications: Gibbons, Deborah E. and Kathleen S. Bailey. 2024. "Women, Peace, and Security in the International Community. Combating Threats Exchange 1401, 46-51. Bailey, Kathleen S., Hungtao Yi, Tanya Heikkila, and Christopher M. Weible. 2023. “Policy Conflicts in Shale Development in China and the United States.” Review of Policy Research, 00, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12534 Bailey, Kathleen S., and Robert M. McNab. 2008. “The Washington Consensus and Latin America’s Left Turn: Has U.S. National Security Suffered as a Result?” Security and Defense Studies Review 8 (1): 1-21. McNab, Robert M., and Kathleen S. Bailey. 2007. “Latin America and the Debate Over Environmental Protection and National Security.” Defense Institute of Security Assistance Management (DISAM) Journal 29 (4): 18-34. Non-Referred Technical Report: Bailey, Kathleen. 2014. “Working in the Same Space.” The Collaborative & Adaptive Security Initiative, Naval Postgraduate School. Report on the Working in the Same Space Workshop, United States Southern Command, Miami, Florida, September 10-12, 2013.

Leo Blanken
Associate Professor
Expertise: Strategic Competition, Innovation, Defense Economics
Ph.D., Political Science, University of California, Davis, 2006
ljblanke@nps.edu
Leo Blanken is the academic lead for the “Applied Design for Innovation” masters curriculum. He has authored work on strategic competition among great powers, innovation, defense economics, and assessment. Leo collects and DJs rare soul and funk records from the 1960s. PUBLICATIONS Author of Rational Empires: Institutional Incentives and Imperial Expansion (University of Chicago Press) Co-editor of Assessing War: The Challenge of Measuring Success and Failure (Georgetown University Press) Leo Blanken and Cecilia Panella. 2023. “Why Fashion Matters in an Era of Strategic Competition,”Inkstick (18 January 2023)  Leo Blanken, Jason Lepore, and Cecilia Panella. 2022. “From the Lighthouse to the Christmas Tree: Enabling Distributed Innovation in the US Military,” Modern War Institute (27 July 2022)   Leo Blanken and Ben Cohen. 2022. “Reviving the Victory Garden: The Military Benefits of Sustainable Farming,” War on the Rocks (20 January 2022)  PERSONAL WEBSITE 

Doug Borer
Associate Professor
Expertise: Comparative Strategy. Asymmetric Warfare. Irregular Warfare. Legitimacy in War
Ph.D., Political Science, Boston University, 1993
daborer@nps.edu
831-656-2117
Douglas A. Borer is an Associate Professor in the Department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School and Executive Director of the Global ECCO Project.. A native son on Montana, Dr. Borer received his BA in Psychology from Ripon College in 1985, an MA in Political Science from the University of Montana in 1988, and his PhD in Political Science from Boston University in 1993. He has worked at a variety of academic postings, including the University of the South Pacific in Suva Fiji, the University of Western Australia in Perth, Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, the Universitii Kebangsaan in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, and the US Army War College in Carlisle Barracks Pennsylvania. His scholarship focuses on the politics of legitimacy in times of war, with regional focus on the Asia-Pacific. In 2007 he helped establish the Common Operational Research Environment (CORE) Lab at NPS. PUBLICATIONS Borer is the author of Superpowers Defeated: Vietnam and Afghanistan Compared (Frank Cass, 1999). He is co-editor with John Arquilla of Information Strategy and War: A Guide to Theory and Practice (Routledge, 2007); He is co-editor with Mark Berger of two books; The Long War-Insurgency, Counterinsurgency and Collapsing States (Routledge, 2008); and The Rise of East Asia: Critical Vision of the Pacific Century (Routledge, 1997). Borer has also authored or co-authored over seventy book chapters, professional articles, book reviews, and editorials.

Robert Burks
Associate Professor
Expertise: Wargaming, Information Operations Modeling, Combat Modeling, Agent-based Modeling, Joint Campaign Analysis, Megacities
Ph.D., Operations Research, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2006
reburks@nps.edu
831.656.2787
Colonel (R) Robert E. Burks, Jr., Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in the Defense Analysis Department of the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) and the Director of the Naval Warfare Studies Institute (NWSI) Wargaming Center. He holds a Ph.D. in Operations Research from the Air Force Institute of Technology, a M.S. in Operations Research from the Florida Institute of Technology, and a B.S. in Aerospace Engineering from the United States Military Academy. He is a retired logistics Army Colonel with over thirty years of extensive operational experience in leadership, advanced analytics, decision modeling, and logistics operations, and he has served as an Army Operations Research analyst in multiple command organizations. He has led multiple analytical study teams responsible for Army Transformation (organizational change) issues. His work includes applying analytical methods to develop solutions for complex problems in support of the Combined Arms Support Command, the Army’s sustainment think tank and premier sustainment learning institution. He has served as the technical expert on studies involving deployment, equipping, manning, training, and logistics operations of military forces in multiple theaters of operation and the NATO Technical Team of SAS-130 on Course of Action Analysis for the 21st Century. His research interests include Irregular Warfare and Stability Operations modeling, Information Operations modeling, Wargaming, Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation, and Joint Campaign analysis. His recent significant awards include the NPS Military Leadership Award, the NPS Joint Service Warfare Award, the Military Operations Research Journal Award for developing analytical methods for solving the Theater Distribution Problem, and the Omar Bradley Fellowship for the Study of Mathematical Sciences. PUBLICATIONS Books: 1. Modeling Change and Uncertainty: Machine Learning and Other Techniques. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall/CRC, (with Bill Fox), 2022. 2. Applied Advanced Mathematical Modeling with Technology. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group, (with Bill Fox), 2021. 3. The Craft of Wargaming: A Detailed Planning Guide for Defense Planners and Analysts. Annapolis, MD: Naval institute Press (with Jeff Appleget and Fred Cameron), 2020. 4. Applications of Operations Research and Management Science for Military Decision Making. Switzerland: Springer (with Bill Fox), 2019. 5. Understanding Human-built Operational Environment. Monterey, CA: Department of Defense Analysis, Naval Postgraduate School, (with Leo Blanken and Iver Johansen), 2017. Chapters in Books: 1. Appleget, J., Burks, R., “Wargaming: Sponsor Education,” in Forging Wargamers: A Framework for Wargaming Education, edited by Sebastian Bae, Marine Corps University Press, 2022. 173-192. 2. Burks, R., Sturdivant, R., “The Goodgrant Challenge,” Mathematical Modeling for the MCM/ICM Contests Volume 4. Ed. Jie Wang. Higher Education Press, 2020. 16 – 57. 3. Fox, B., Burks, R., “Send in the Drones: Developing an Aerial disaster Relief Response System,” Mathematical Modeling for the MCM/ICM Contests Volume 4. Ed. Jie Wang. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2020. 58 – 96. 4. Sturdivant, R., Burks, R., “The Impact of Self-Driving Cars on Traffic Flow,” Mathematical Modeling for the MCM/ICM Contests Volume 3. Ed. Jie Wang. Higher Education Press, 2018. 61 – 98. Referred Journal Articles: 1. Shaw, A., Mueller, C., Biolzi, F., Villani, N., O’Brien, F., Burks, R., “Understanding Noise Exposure During Cast Removal: The Effect of Cast Saw Type and Casting Material,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 104(17): 1573-1578, 2022. 2. Moreland, C., Shaw, K., Burks, R., Baird, M., Hattaway, J., Parada, S., Waterman, B., “Primary medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in military servicemembers: Can we reliably restore preinjury function and stability?,” Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 9(6), 2022. 3. Burks, R., Erickson, K., “Judges’ Commentary: Sharing Water and Hydroeltric Power,” The Journal of Undergraduate Mathematics and Its Applications, 43(4): 425-432, 2022. 4. Appleget, J., Kline, J., Burks, R., “Revamping Wargaming Education for the US Department of Defense,” Center for International Maritime Security, 2020. 5. Shaw, A., Mottern, E., Parada, S., Burks, R., Dumont, G., Waterman, B., Nho, S., “Low Rate of Return to Impact Activity Following Core Decompression for Femoral Head AVN in Military Servicemembers,” Military Medicine, 184(1-2): 243-248, 2019. 6. Fox, W., Burks, R., “Judges’ Commentary: How Many Languages?,” The Journal of Undergraduate Mathematics and Its Applications, 39(3), 313-320, 2018. 7. Burks, R., Sturdivant, R., “The Goodgrant Challenge,” Mathematical Modeling for the MCM/ICM Contests Volume 4. Ed. Jie Wang. Higher Education Press, 58 – 95. Print, 2018. 8. Shaw, A., Edward, P., Stephen, Burks, R., Dumont, G., Waterman, B., Nho, S., “Low Rate of Return to Impact Activity Following Core Decompression for Femoral Head AVN in Military Servicemembers,” Military Medicine, usy163, 2018. 9. Greaver, B., Raabe, L., Fox, W., Burks, R., “CARVER 2.0: Integrating the Analytical Hierarchy Process’s multi-attribute decision-making weighting scheme for a center of gravity vulnerability analysis for US Special Operations Forces,” The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation, 15(1), 111-120, 2018. 10. Appleget, J., Cameron, F., Burks, R., Kline, J., “Wargaming at the Naval Postgraduate School,” CSIAC Journal of Cyber Security and Information Systems, 4(3), 18-23, 2016. 11. Waterman, B., Arroyo, W., Heida, K., Burks, R., Pallis, M., “SLAP Repairs With Combined Procedures Have Lower Failure Rate Than Isolated Repairs in a Military Population,” The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(8):1-7,2015. 12. Belmont, P., Heida, K., Keeney, J., Burks, R.  

Andrew Ceniseroz
Naval Special Warfare Chair
Expertise: Defense Analysis
MS, Naval Postgraduate School
andrew.ceniseroz@nps.edu
Commander Andrew Ceniseroz returned to NPS in 2023 as the Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Chair, responsible for integrating NPS with NSW warfighters to meet the needs of the Navy and the joint special operations force. Ceniseroz has served in East and West Coast SEAL teams and most recently served at U.S. Special Operations Command Central (SOCCENT).

Nathan Christensen
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: Deputy Director, RDFP Global ECCO Program
MBA, International Management, Thunderbird School of Management, 2001
npchrist@nps.edu
Mr. Nathan Christensen joined the United States Naval Postgraduate School in 2011 as a Faculty Associate and is the Deputy Director for Global ECCO (Education Collaboration Community Online), sponsored by the Regional Defense Fellowship Program (RDFP) under the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Global ECCO utilizes the full capabilities of NPS in a security cooperation mission, reaching out to partner countries to build sustainable capacity in the spirit of “Academic Diplomacy”. Prior to joining NPS, he spent 10 years developing and executing strategy and business development for large multi-national organizations. Additionally, he employed competitive intelligence training and expertise to make organizations more competitive relative to their environment and stakeholders: customers, competitors, distributors, technologies and macro-economic data etc. His areas of research interest include fiscal transparency/anti-corruption as well as counter terrorism & border security. He has developed and implemented DoS & DoD engagements on behalf of NPS in Brazil, Chile, India and Germany. He worked closely with the U.S. Embassy in Cairo to create & provide in-residence Border Security short courses for the Egyptian Ministries of Defense, Interior & Finance. This program was successfully expanded to Tunisia, Algeria & Morocco. After working in Chicago, Amsterdam and Los Angeles, Mr. Christensen moved to Monterey, California to join the NPS team. His responsibilities include international outreach and partnering efforts, program management, and leveraging opportunities to match academic and research capability & resources across Department of Defense, State Department, NATO and U.N. partner capacity building goals and objectives. Mr. Christensen received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science with a Minor in Spanish Language from Colorado State University in 1998 and received his MBA in International Management from Thunderbird in 2001. Additionally, he is fluent in Portuguese and proficient in Spanish.  

Dorothy Denning
Distinguished Professor Emeritus
Expertise: Information Warfare, Codes and Ciphers, Networks and Society, and Data Communications
Ph.D., in Computer Science, Purdue University,
dedennin@nps.edu

Sean Everton
Professor
Expertise: Social Networks, Dark Networks, Terrorism, Irregular Warfare
Ph.D., Sociology, Stanford University, 2007
sfeverto@nps.edu
‭831-656-2709‬
Sean Everton is a Professor in the Defense Analysis Department and the Co-Director of the CORE (Common Operational Research Environment) Lab at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). Before joining NPS in 2007, he served as an adjunct professor at Santa Clara and Stanford universities. Professor Everton earned his M.A. and Ph.D. in Sociology at Stanford and wrote his doctoral thesis on the causes and consequences of status on venture capital firm performance. He specializes in using social network analysis to track and disrupt dark networks (e.g., criminal and terrorist networks), and he has published in the areas of social network analysis, sociology of religion, diffusion, economic sociology, and political sociology. His first book, Disrupting Dark Networks, was published by Cambridge University Press in 2012, and his second, Understanding Dark Networks (co-authored with Daniel Cunningham and Phil Murphy), was published by Rowman and Littlefield in 2016. His third, Networks and Religion, explores the interplay of networks and religion and was published by Cambridge University Press in 2018. Most recently, he published a Spanish introduction to social network analysis with Christopher Callaghan and General Alvarez Torres (Análisis de Redes Sociales). PUBLICATIONS 2023. “American Civil Religion in the Era of Donald Trump.” Forthcoming in Religions 14. 2022. Análisis de Redes Sociales. Lima, Peru: Escuela Superior de Guerra del Ejército (with Christopher Callaghan and Augusto Álvarez Torrez). 2022. “A Network Analysis of Twitter’s Crackdown on the QAnon Conversation.” Journal of Social Structure. 23(1): 4-27: https://sciendo.com/article/10.21307/joss-2022-002 (with Daniel Cunningham). 2022. “Historical and Comparative Research on Social Diffusion: Mechanisms, Methods, and Data.” Social Science History 46(2):431-472 (with Steven Pfaff). 2020. “Homegrown Terrorism: A Social Network Analysis of a Minnesota ISIS Cell.” Combatting Terrorism Exchange (CTX) 10(1):36-47 (with Marcelle Burroni). 2018. Networks and Religion: Ties That Bind, Loose, Build-up, and Tear Down. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2018. “Hiding in Plain Sight.” Nature Human Behaviour 2:115-116. doi: 10.1038/s41562-018-0299-2. 2017. “Social Media Exploitation by Covert Networks: A Case Study of ISIS.” Communications of the Association for Information Systems 1(5):97-120 (with Lee A. Freeman and Robert Schroeder). 2016. “Social Networks and Religious Violence.” Review of Religious Research 58: 191-217. 2016. Understanding Dark Networks: A Strategic Framework for the Use of Social Network Analysis. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield (with Daniel Cunningham and Philip Murphy). “Brokers and Key Players in the Internationalization of the FARC.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 36(6):477-502 (with Daniel Cunningham, Greg Wilson, Carlos Padilla, and Doug Zimmerman). 2012. Disrupting Dark Networks. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. PERSONAL WEBSITE

Michael Freeman
Professor
Expertise: Terrorism, Political Violence, International Relations
Ph.D., Department of Political Science, University of Chicago, 2001
mefreema@nps.edu
831-656-3731
Michael Freeman is a professor in the Department of Defense Analysis. He is the author of Freedom or Security: The Consequences for Democracies Using Emergency Powers to Fight Terror (Praeger, 2003), the editor of Financing Terrorism: Case Studies (Ashgate 2012), the author of The Global Spread of Salafism (University of Nebraska, 2021), as well as the author of several journal articles and book chapters on terrorism, emergency powers, and terrorist financing. He is also the designer of nine online, “serious” games on terrorism and counterterrorism. In 2014, he was the recipient of NPS’s Hamming Award in recognition of his excellence in teaching and engagement with students. While at NPS, he was Chair of the Faculty Council (2017), Associate Provost for Faculty Affairs (2018-2021), and Vice Provost for Academic Affairs (2021-2022). PUBLICATIONS The Global Spread of Islamism and the Consequences for Terrorism. With Katherine Ellena and Amina Kator-Mubarez. University of Nebraska Press (Potomac), 2021. Terror Financing: Case Studies, editor. Ashgate, 2012. Freedom or Security: The Consequences for Democracies Using Emergency Powers to Fight Terror. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. “Education is the Technology the Navy Needs Most,” (with Todd Lyons) Proceedings July 2020. “Pushing the Envelope of Pedagogical Gaming: Dark Networks,” PS: Political Science and Politics, Vol. 50, No. 4, 2017. “A Theory of Terrorist Leadership (and its Consequences for Leadership Targeting” Terrorism and Political Violence, 2014. “How Terrorists Move Money: An Introduction,” with Moyara Ruehsen, Perspectives on Terrorism, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2013. “The Sources of Terrorist Financing: Theory and Typology,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 34, No. 6, June 2011. “Pathways to Terror: Finding Patterns Prior to an Attack,” with David Tucker, and Steffen Merten, Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2010. “Democracy, Al-Qaeda, and the Causes of Terrorism: A Strategic Analysis of U.S. Policy,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 31, No. 1, January 2008. “Balancing National Security and Civil Liberties,” roundtable of six scholars, Focus on Law Studies, Vol. 22, No. 2, Spring 2007. “Terrorism and Civil Liberties in the United States: How to Have Both Freedom and Security,” Democracy and Security, Vol. 2, No. 2, July-December 2006.

Dr. Scott Gartner
Professor of Defense Analysis (2021-Current)
Provost and Chief Academic Officer (2021 to 2024)
Expertise: Defense Analysis, National Security Policy, Deterrence, Irregular Warfare
Ph.D., Political Science, The University of Michigan, 1992
scott.gartner@nps.edu
831-656-3754
Scott Sigmund Gartner is a Professor within the Defense Analysis Department at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and an affiliate of Penn State School of International Affairs. Gartner’s interests focus on national and international security, counter-terrorism, cyber security, international conflict mediation and policy assessment. He was previously the 16th Provost, Vice President, and Chief Academic Officer of the Naval Postgraduate School. Prior to joining the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Gartner was the Director of the Penn State School of International Affairs and taught classes in national security, conflict management, international affairs, foreign policy and research design. Gartner's over fifty academic publications include books such as: Costly Calculations: A Theory of War, Casualties and Politics,  Identity in the Shadow of a Giant: How the Rise of China is Changing Taiwan, Strategic Assessment in War, International Conflict Mediation: New Approaches and Findings, and The Historical Statistics of the United States, in addition to articles in top journals in political science, sociology, international affairs, history, military intelligence, public policy, law, international negotiations, and communications. His honors include the Jefferson award for the best government resource, the RUSA Outstanding Reference Award, Booklist Editor's Choice Award, Library Journal Best Reference Award, History News Network Book of the Month and the American Political Science Association's best policy thesis award. Gartner’s research has been funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Security Agency, The National CounterTerrorism Center, the Folke Bernadotte Academy, the Taiwan Foundation, and the Sloan foundation. He is past president of the International Studies Association (West) and served as a Senior Advisor for the Net Assessment of Violent Non-State Actors at the National CounterTerrorism Center. Gartner’s op-ed columns have been published in The Diplomat, The Huffington Post, USA Today, The Christian Science Monitor, the Baltimore Sun, and many other outlets. Professor Gartner and his research have appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, Wired, USA Today, Newsweek, and The Atlantic and on The History Network, MSNBC, NPR, and ABC. He is currently working on studies of 1) terrorism, 2) country digital twins, 3) decision making, and 4) performance measures as incentives.

Seth Gray
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: CORE Lab, data science, social network and geospatial analyses, joint intelligence
M.A. Data Science, Nonproliferation and Terrorism Studies
seth.gray@nps.edu
Seth Gray is a Research Associate in the Defense Analysis Department’s CORE Lab at NPS. His work focuses on machine learning applications and open-source data analytics for understanding and modeling a variety of security problems. Prior to joining NPS, Seth served in several intelligence community roles and received multiple awards, including a citation from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Seth has a MA in Nonproliferation and Terrorism Studies and a MS in Business Intelligence and Data Analytics. 

Brian Greenshields
Associate Chair for Operations
Expertise: Irregular Warfare and Airpower; Special Operations

bhgreens@nps.edu
Col Greenshields, USAF (ret), currently serves as the Associate Chair for Operations in the Defense Analysis Department. Col (ret) Greenshields earned a B.S. from the US Air Force Academy and a M.A. “With Distinction” from the Naval Postgraduate School. Col (ret) Greenshields is a Master Navigator with over 3,600 hours in HC and MC-130P aircraft having spent the majority of his career in Air Force Special Operations or in Special Duty assignments. He served as Director of Operations at the 67 SOS, RAF Mildenhall, UK; commanded the 550 SOS, Kirtland AFB, NM; was Deputy Group Commander, 16th Operations Group (OG), and later commander, 16th Operations Group (re-designated the 1st Special Operations Group), Hurlburt Field, FL. He also served as the Combined/Joint Special Operations Air Component Commander for both OIF and OEF.

Eric Hoelscher
Program Manager
Expertise: Defense Analysis
MS Irregular Warfare, Naval Postgraduate School
eric.hoelscher@nps.edu
LTC Eric Hoelscher is an Army Special Forces Officer with 17 years of SOF experience.  He spent a majority of his career in 5th Special Forces Group, with deployments to Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan. He most recently served as the 1st Special Forces Command G35, where he was responsible for the Global Force Management of the Command's 23,000 personnel and production of the Command's strategic operating guidance. Eric earned his Master's Degree from the Naval Postgraduate School's (NPS) Defense Analysis Program in 2017, writing a partnered thesis on obstacles to the employment of unconventional warfare.  He returned to NPS in 2023 and currently serves as the Defense Analysis Program Officer and teaches DA4371 – SOF & Strategic Competition.

Shannon Houck
Assistant Professor
Expertise: Influence and Persuasion; Psychological Resilience and Resistance; Social Psychology of Extremism, Polarization, and Conflict; Language Analysis; Experimental and Quantitative Methods
Ph.D., Experimental (Social) Psychology, University of Montana, 2015
shannon.houck@nps.edu
Dr. Shannon Houck is an Assistant Professor in the Defense Analysis Department at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). She is a Social Psychologist with expertise on the science of influence and persuasion, psychological resilience and resistance, and extremism. Prior to joining NPS, she was a faculty member at Syracuse University from 2016-2020. She is the author of over 40 scholarly articles and book chapters, and her research has been featured on popular news outlets such as the New York Times, Psychology Today, and USA Today. PUBLICATIONS Houck, S.C. (2022). Psychological Capabilities for Resilience. War on the Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2022/12/psychological-capabilities-for-resilience/ Houck, S.C. & Allan, J.R. (2022). QAnon’s Psychological Influence: Investigating Q’s Digital Messaging. Combatting Terrorism Exchange. Borer & Houck, S.C. (2022). Relative Weakness: The Secret to Understanding Irregular Warfare. Small Wars Journal. https://smallwarsjournal.com/index.php/jrnl/art/relative-weakness-secret-understanding-irregular-warfare Dundon, M. & Houck, S.C. (2022). Adversarial Propaganda: How Enemies Target the U.S. to Breed Societal Division. Journal of Applied Security Research. Maness, R.C., Houck, S.C., & Lorentz, R. (2022). Operations in the Information Environment and Cyber-enabled Information Operations. In Interdisciplinary Study of Combatting Hybrid Threats. Houck, S.C., Salvati, J.M., Newman, L.S., Vrij, A. (2021). Simulating interrogation in the lab: Examining the effectiveness of pain, coercive verbal pressure, and rapport-building for obtaining reliable information. Journal of Applied Security Research. Houck, S.C. Conway, L.G., & Zubrod, A. (2021). Automated Integrative Complexity: A language analysis tool for psychological research. In R. Boyd & M. Dehghani (Eds.), The Atlas of Language Analysis in Psychology. Guilford Press. Houck, S.C., Branagan, B., Gramm, J., & Crisafulli, J. (2021). Changing Hearts and Brains: SOF Must Prepare Now for Neurowarfare. Small Wars Journal. https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/changing-hearts-and-brains-sof-must-prepare-now- neurowarfare Conway, L.G., III, Conway, K.R., & Houck, S.C. (2020). Validating Automated Integrative Complexity: Natural language processing and the Donald Trump test. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 8(2), 504-524. Houck, S.C., & Conway & L.G. III. (2019). Strategic communication and the integrative complexity-ideology relationship: Meta-analytic findings reveal differences between public politicians and private citizens in their use of simple language. Political Psychology, 40: 1119-1141. Houck, S.C., McFarland, J., Machia, L.V., & Conway, L.G. III. (2019). When beliefs lead to (im)moral action: How believing in torture’s effectiveness shapes the endorsement of its use. Political Psychology, 40: 1315-1339. Conway, L.G, III, Houck, S.C., Gornick, L.J., & Repke, M.A. (2018). Finding the Loch Ness Monster: Left-Wing Authoritarianism in the United States. Political Psychology, 39(5), 1049–67. Houck, S.C., Repke, M.A., Conway, L.G. III. (2017). Understanding what makes terrorist groups’ propaganda effective: An integrative complexity analysis of ISIL and Al Qaeda. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 12(2), 105-118. Houck, S.C., & Repke, M.A. (2017). When and why we torture: A review of psychology research. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 3(3), 272-283. Houck, S.C., & Conway, L.G. III (2015). Ethically investigating torture efficacy: A new methodology to test the influence of pain on decision-making processes in experimental interrogation scenarios. Journal of Applied Security Research, 10(4), 510-524. Houck, S.C., Conway, L.G., III, Gornick, L.J. (2014). Automated integrative complexity: Current challenges and future directions. Political Psychology, 35, 647-659.

Thomas Jamison
Assistant Professor
Expertise: International History, Naval Warfare, Irregular Warfare, China, U.S. Foreign Relations
Ph.D., International History, Harvard University, 2020
Thomas.jamison@nps.edu
Dr. Tommy Jamison is a military historian and Asst. Professor of Strategic Studies in the Defense Analysis Dept., Naval Postgraduate School. His work explores the naval history of the Pacific, with an emphasis on technological shifts and institutional adaptation. In 2024, he will enjoy a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellowship in Tokyo. Prior to arriving at NPS, he held a Predoctoral Fellowship at the Clements Center for National Security, University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Jamison’s dissertation “Pacific Wars” won the Society for Military History’s Coffman Prize for Best Dissertation (2021) and the Oxford University Press USA Award in International History (2022). That work is currently under revision for publication with Cambridge University Press. In addition, he has published award-winning articles with the Journal of Military History and Technology and Culture. He holds a Ph.D. (2020) and MA (2017) in International History from Harvard University, a BA in History from Grinnell College (2009). From 2009-2014, Dr. Jamison worked as a Defense Intelligence Agency Staff Officer and Naval Intelligence Officer in both the Western Pacific and Afghanistan. He currently lives in Monterey, CA with his wife and their Belgian Malinois. PUBLICATIONS Manuscripts: “The Not-So Pacific: Pacific Wars and the Making of U.S. Sea Power.” (Cambridge University Press, Forthcoming) Peer Reviewed Articles: Technology and Culture, “Man the Torpedo (Boats!): Gender and Technology in the Making of Modern Naval War” (2022, Gibson Prize, 2023) Journal of Advanced Military Studies, “The Port-Hopping War: Amphibious Operations and the War of the Pacific” (2022) Comparative Strategy, “Taking the Modern System to Sea” (2022) Journal of Military History, “The War of the Pacific, Technology and U.S. Naval Development: An International History of Regional War” (2018, Moncado/Vandervort Prize, 2019) Intelligence and National Security, “Geospatial Intelligence and the U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842): Reframing the History of Naval Intelligence” (2018)

Rebecca Lorentz
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: Defense Analysis, DoD IO Center for Research, Global ECCO Program
M.A., Public Policy, Panetta Institute, 2010
rdlorent@nps.edu
Ms. Rebecca Lorentz has been with the department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey since 2009. She received a Masters of Public Policy from the Panetta Institute of Public Policy in 2010. Her work has been published in Afghan Endgames (Georgetown University Press, 2012), and Gangs and Guerrillas (NPS, 2011) writing about the complexity of social issues and civil society. She is currently the Deputy Director of the DoD Information Strategy and Research Center at the Naval Postgraduate School. Current fields of study include misinformation, disinformation and how each are used in information operations to affect behavior and strategy as well as the role of cognitive biases in information warfare.

Chad Machiela
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: Irregular Warfare, Preparation of the Environment, Special Operations, social network and geospatial analyses, military planning and operations, capabilities development
M.S. Defense Analysis, Naval Postgradaute School
chad.machiela@nps.edu
Chad Machiela is a retired Army Special Forces Warrant Officer with over 30 years’ Special Operations experience working throughout the Indo-Pacific, Central, and European Commands. He has employed CORE Laboratory methodology to build dark networks, expose dark networks, and develop civil-military resilience networks in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Mali, and Thailand. Chad holds an MS in Defense Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School and graduate certificates in Security and Governance from the University of North Carolina-Greensboro and Project Management from Fayetteville State University.

Ryan Maness
Associate Professor.
Expertise: Cyber Strategy and Policy, Cyber-enabled Information Operations, Operations in the Information Environment
Ph.D., Political Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2013
rmaness@nps.edu
773-655-4885
Ryan C. Maness (Ph.D., University of Illinois, Chicago 2013) is an assistant professor and the academic associate for the curriculum on information strategy and political warfare (698) at the Naval Postgraduate School. He is also the director of the DoD Information Strategy Research Center at NPS. His research includes operations in the information environment, specifically in cyberspace, cyber strategy, and power dynamics and interactions among states in cyberspace. Current research includes the collection of all state-initiated cyber incidents, cyber-enabled information operations, and information campaigns for the years 2000-2020, called the Dyadic Cyber Incident and Campaign Dataset (DCID) 2.0. These data are to be open-sourced and publicly available and will give scholars and practitioners new tools to uncover the dynamics of cyber and information conflict within and through cyberspace. Other current research is measuring escalation within and through cyberspace by capturing DIME events enacted with cyber operations, and the target state’s responses to these combined foreign policy actions, cyber operations’ role in the Russo-Ukraine war, influence operations from China and Russia, and sponsored research with ONR and NRP. His forthcoming book, Cyberwar versus Cyber Realities 2.0, is a second edition of his 2015 book with Oxford University Press. Another book proposal on escalation is in negotiations. He has also published Cyber Strategy (2018, Oxford) and Russia’s Coercive Diplomacy (2015, Macmillan) as well as several top journals in security studies. He teaches Conflict in Cyberspace, Computer Network Attack and Defense, and Conflict in Europe and the post-Soviet space in the Defense Analysis Department at NPS. PUBLICATIONS Books: Cyberwar versus Cyber Realities 2.0: Cyber Conflict in the International System (2nd ed.), (New York: Oxford University Press, 2023 Forthcoming). Cyber Strategy: The Evolving Character of Power and Coercion (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018) ISBN: 9780190618094. Russia’s Coercive Diplomacy: Energy, Cyber and Maritime Policy as New Sources of Power (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015) ISBN: 9781137479433. Cyber War versus Cyber Realities: Cyber Conflict in the International System (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015) ISBN: 9780190204792. Peer Reviewed Journal Articles: “The Dynamics of Cyber and Cross-Domain Escalation.” 2023, Submitted, Under Review. “Expanding the Dyadic Cyber Incident and Campaign (DCID) Dataset: Cyber Conflict from 2000 to 2020.” 2022, Forthcoming, Cyber Defense Review. “Fancy Bears and Digital Trolls: Cyber Strategy with a Russian Twist.” Journal of Strategic Studies, 42 (2, 2019): 212-234. “How We Stopped Worrying about Cyber Doom and Started Collecting Data.” Politics and Governance, 6 (2, 2018): 49-60. “Rethinking the Data Wheel: Automating Open-Access, Public Data on Cyber Conflict.” In 2018 10th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, CyCon X: Maximizing Effects, T. Minárik, R. Jakschis, L. Lindström (Eds.), NATO CCD COE Publications, Tallinn, 2018. “Creating a Safe and Prosperous Cyberspace: The Path to Ise-Shima Cyber Security Norms.” The Strategy Bridge, 8/2/2017. “The Impact of Cyber Conflict on International Interactions.” Armed Forces and Society 42 (2, 2016): 301-323. “The Dynamics of Cyber Conflict between Rival Antagonists, 2001-2011.” Journal of Peace Research, 51 (3, 2014): 347-360. “Russia and the Near Abroad: Applying a Risk Barometer for War.” Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 25 (2, 2012): 125-148. Book Chapters and other Journal Articles “The Failure of Cyber War and the Promise of Operations in the Information Environment” (2022): forthcoming. “The Power of Information: Cyber Conflict in the Age of Great Power Competition,” in Strategy, 7th Edition, (2022): Oxford University Press. “What do we know about Cyber War” Vasquez/Mitchell (eds.) What do We Know about War, 3rd ed. (2021): Rowman and Littlefield. “Death by a Thousand Cuts: Is Russia Winning the Information War with the West?” in Security Challenges in the EU-Russia Relations, I. Pawel Karolewski and Maia D. Cross (eds.), (2021): University of Michigan Press. "Cyber Conflict at the Intersection of Information Operations." Information Warfare in the Age of Cyber Conflict (2020): Routledge. “A Crisis of Trust in Transatlantic Cybersecurity Relations in the Post-Snowden Era.” in The Politics of Resilience and Transatlantic Order: Enduring Crisis? Gordon Friedrichs, Sebastian Harnisch, and Cameron G. Thies (eds.), (2019): Routledge: 143-160. “The Dynamics of Cyber Dispute Mediation and Resolution,” in The Handbook on Mediating International Crises, Jonathan Wilkenfield, Kyle Beardsley, and David Quin (eds.), Edward Elgar Publishers: 350-359. “International Cyber Conflict and National Security,” in The Oxford Handbook of US National Security, Derek Reveron, Nikolas Gvosdev, and John Cloud (eds.), (2018): Oxford University Press. “International Political Theory and Cyber Security” The Oxford Handbook of International Political Theory, Robyn Eckersley and Chris Brown, (eds.), (2018): Oxford University Press. “Did Russia Just Hand Donald Trump the Presidency?” in US Election Analysis 2016: Media, Voters and the Campaign. (2017): Eds. Darren Lillekar, Einar Thorsen, Daniel Jackson, and Anastasia Veneti, pp. 72-73. “Countering Russian Aggression with Sanctions: Limited Options and Self-Defeating Strategies” Enduring Questions Essay Contribution to the ABC-CLIO: American Government Idea Exchange (2016). “Cyber Spillover Conflicts: Transitions from Cyber Conflict to Conventional Foreign Policy Disputes?” in Conflict in Cyberspace, Karsten Friis and Jens Ringsmose, Eds., (2016): Routledge. “The Coming Cyberp PERSONAL WEBSITE   

Julia McClenon
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: Anthropology (Behavioral and Cultural), Sociolinguistic Analysis, Chinese Thought and Grand Strategy, Cognitive Science, Open-source China
MA, Religious Studies and Cognitive Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2021
julia.mcclenon@nps.edu
Julia McClenon is a cultural and behavioral ethnographer (anthropologist) and sociolinguist, with a focus on Asia, China, and specific diaspora in Asia and America. She is an interagency civil servant with experience in both the Department of Defense and the Department of State. She was previously commissioned as a Foreign Service Officer of the U.S. diplomatic corps. For State Department, she was Chair of the Consul General's Civil-Society Working Group on Religion in China. She earned her M.A. in Religious Studies from the University of California, Santa Barbara on research and teaching fellowships as a member of the cognitive science REMLab group, where she conducted ethnographic and sociolinguistic research on Chinese worldviews, calendrical systems, and CCP cultural narratives. In 2010, her team earned official commendation from the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict. Julia is interested in interdisciplinary and inter-industry research opportunities. She is also available to speak at community events on cross-cultural understanding; intercultural dialogue; culture shock and reverse culture shock; her experiences as a student and diplomat in China; and emergency preparedness. She has spoken for a variety of community groups including the Unitarian Universalist Church's series on worldviews; the Great Decisions speakers series; International Relations fraternal orders; Cross-Cultural Understanding & Communication for student groups; Culture Shock for educators and international students; challenges of working overseas; and more. Separate from her role at NPS, she is Co-Host and Deputy Director of the Irregular Warfare Initiative Podcast. She is a proud volunteer of the American Red Cross. PUBLICATIONS "We're WEIRD and Our Adversaries Know It: Biases in Psychology Leave the United States Vulnerable to Cognitive Domain Operations," Modern War Institute, West Point, forthcoming 2023. "Perhaps an Other Time: an Interdisciplinary (Re)Consideration of Historical Anthropology in View of the Cognitive Science of Time, Cultural Models Theory, and the Stems and Branches Chinese Calendrical System," Journal of Cognitive Historiography, Vol. 7 No. 1-2, Equinox Publishing, 2022. "Suzhou's Gardens," Zhejiang InTouch Magazine, 2007. "This Ain't Polo's Hangzhou," Hangzhou Weekly Newspaper, 2006.

Asset Publisher
Gordon McCormick
Professor
Ph.D., School of Advanced International Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, 1987
gmccormick@nps.edu
A variety of models for understanding insurgency and planning the counterinsurgency (COIN) response have been developed. One model that has become respected both in academic and military context is the "Magic Diamond" model developed by Dr. Gordon McCormick. The model involved four key elements or players, with mirrored strategies for their interactions. Each element will have a "mirrored" strategy, in which the way in which it imposes or aids insurgency is one image, and where the way that it interacts with counterinsurgency is the reflection. This model develops a symmetrical view of the required actions for both the Insurgent and COIN forces to achieve success. In this way the counterinsurgency model can demonstrate how both the insurgent and COIN forces succeed or fail. The model's strategies and principle apply to both forces, therefore the degree the forces follow the model should have a direct correlation to the success or failure of either the Insurgent or COIN force.  

Michael Mollohan
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: Irregular Warfare Education
Ph.D., Education & Organizational Leadership (Current Doctoral Student), 2022
michael.mollohan@nps.edu
Mr. Mollohan is the lead for Regional Defense Fellowship Program Evaluation team at the Naval Postgraduate School Defense Analysis Department focused on Irregular Warfare curriculum development, evaluation, and operationalization. Prior to his current position, Michael served as the regional security and policy advisor for the SOJ3-International, Special Operations Command Pacific. His area of responsibilities included the design, development, and execution of multinational Special Operations Forces (SOF) and related security sector education and cooperation. Michael is a retired Marine Corps Foreign Area Officer with more than 35 years of combined active duty and civilian service. He served as a military professor, senior service advisor for the Marine Corps, course director and co-lead on the counter-terrorism program for the Daniel K. Inouye, Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies (DKI-APCSS). While on active duty he had the privilege of serving in several countries as a military advisor and operations officer including assignments as a peacekeeper and the United Nations Operations Officer in the Republic of Georgia during the crisis of 2008-2009. As a military professor and senior lecturer, Michael has conducted research and executive education programs for senior decision makers to operational leaders from numerous U.S. and Partner Nation security practitioner and academic organizations across the interagency, public and private sector. His areas of research and lecturing interest include Irregular Warfare and Security Education, Southeast Asia, Russia and the Former Soviet Union, Combatting Terrorism, Resiliency and Crises, Resistance and Global Power Competition. A current doctoral student completing his dissertation in SOF Education and Leadership, he also holds master’s degrees in National Security from the Naval Postgraduate School) and Business from Troy State University and is a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy (Political Science, Russia and the Former Soviet Union). LINKEDIN PROFILE

Siamak Tundra Naficy
Senior Lecturer
Expertise: Anthropology
Ph.D., Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, 2010
stnaficy@nps.edu; siamaknaficy@yahoo.com
310-849-3633
An anthropologist (PhD at UCLA, 2010) with a wide-ranging, interdisciplinary approach to social, biological, psychological, and cultural issues. Interests range from the anthropological approach to conflict theory to sacred values, wicked problems, cognitive science, and animal behavior. PUBLICATIONS 1) Barbarism Begins at Home https://nps.edu/web/ecco/global-ecco-insights  2) "Towards an Anthropology of Delinquency (Feared and Revered)" chrome extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://nps.edu/documents/110773463/137155527/CTX-VOL1202-Feared+and+Reveared+.pdf    3) "A Ukrainian State of Mind" https://warontherocks.com/2022/04/a-ukrainian-state-of-mind/  4) "Anti-Strategy (Why the U.S. is on the Brink of All-Out War with Iran" https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2020/02/20/why-the-u-s-is-on-the-brink-of-all-out-war-with-iran/ 

Ian Rice
Senior Lecturer
Expertise: Helping Defense Analysis students achieve their academic, career, and life goals.

ian.rice@nps.edu
Ian Rice is a retired United States Army officer. He has primarily served with or in support of special operations forces during his career. He has been stationed overseas in Germany, Okinawa, and Korea as well he has deployed for 45 months between Iraq and Afghanistan. Most recently, he led the United States Mission to Iraq’s Sunni trial engagement effort in Iraq during Operation Inherent Resolve in 2016-2017. From 2013 through 2018, he served as an active-duty faculty member in the Defense Analysis Department. He is a 2003 graduate of Defense Analysis and he is a PhD Candidate in Political Science at the University of California Los Angeles. Ian has taught sections of “Conflict in the Information Age,” “Psychological Operations and Deception,” “The History of Special Operations,” and “Military Organization and Technological Change.” He is also interested in developing courses on conflict-based state-building and the dynamics of combined operations namely security force assistance and military advising. Ian's most notable publication with Craig Whiteside, “Black Ops: Islamic State and Innovation in Irregular Warfare” is being developed into a book regarding the concepts and capabilities of special operations conducted by non-state actors.  

Robert Schroeder
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: Social Network Analysis, Visual Analytics, Maritime Network Analysis, Social Media Analysis, Geospatial Analysis
M.A., International Policy Analysis, Monterey Institute of International Studies, 2011
rcschroe@nps.edu
Rob Schroeder is a Faculty Associate for Research in the CORE Lab within the Defense Analysis Department and a PhD Student in the Information Sciences Department at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). He is currently researching how to use open source information gathered largely from social media in order to understand and map the changing dynamics in conflict areas and exploring the use of network analysis to analyze maritime traffic patterns. He has presented some of this research at conferences (INFORMS and INSNA). PUBLICATIONS Everton, S., Everton, T., Green, A. et al. Strong ties and where to find them: or, why Neville and Bellatrix might be more important than Harry and Tom. Soc. Netw. Anal. Min. 12, 112 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00947-z Everton, S. F., & Schroeder, R. (2019). Plagues, Pagans, and Christians: Differential Survival, Social Networks, and the Rise of Christianity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 58(4), 775–789. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12631 Porter, W., Schroeder, R., Callaghan, C., Barreto, A., Bussell, S., Young, B., … Eiff, J. Von. (2019). Mapping Gray Maritime Networks. Connections, 39(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21307/connections-2019-006 Freeman, L. A., Schroeder, R., & Everton, S. F. (2017). Social Media Exploitation by Covert Networks: A Case Study of ISIS. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 41, 97–120. https://doi.org/10.17705/1cais.04105 Schroeder, R., Everton, S. F., & Shepherd, R. (2014). The Strength of Tweet Ties. In N. Agarwal, M. Lim, & R. T. Wigand (Eds.), Online Collective Action (pp. 179–195). Springer Vienna. Schroeder, R., Everton, S. F., & Shepherd, R. (2012). Mining twitter data from the Arab Spring. Combating Terrorism Exchange, 2(4), 54–64.

Veronneau Simon
Research Associate Professor
Expertise: Defense Analysis
PhD - HEC Montreal Canada, 2008
sveronne@nps.edu
831-656-2756
Research interests in Disruptive Technologies, Technology in Operations, Critical Operations Management, Human Systems Interface, Command, Control and Communications, Surface/Under Surface Vehicles - Ships and Watercraft, Cruise Industry, Field Studies

Michael Stevens
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: Defense Analysis

mrsteven@nps.edu
(831) 656-2932
 

Barry Strauss
Visiting Professor
Expertise: Defense Analysis

barry.strauss@nps.edu
 

Bradley "BJ" Strawser
Professor
Expertise: Ethics, Applied Ethics, Organizational Ethics, Just War Theory, Ethics of War and the Military Profession, Ethics of New and Emerging Technology
Ph.D., Philosophy, University of Connecticut, 2012
bjstraws@nps.edu
719 440 5670
I am a Professor of Philosophy in the Defense Analysis Department at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA. I am also a Research Associate at Oxford University’s Institute for Ethics, Law, and Armed Conflict (ELAC) in Oxford, UK. Prior to my current positions, I was a Resident Research Fellow at the Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership in Annapolis, MD. I previously taught philosophy at the University of Connecticut and the US Air Force Academy. My publication and research profile is intentionally broad and I aim for my work to have interdisciplinary relevance and application. I have published primarily in applied ethics and ethics more broadly, but also in political philosophy, metaphysics, Plato, and human rights, among other areas. Some of these publications have appeared in such peer-reviewed journals as Analysis, Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, Philosophia, Journal of Military Ethics, Public Affairs Quarterly, Journal of Human Rights, and Epoché. I’ve published multiple books with Oxford University Press, Palgrave Macmillan, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, and Routledge. I have also written widely in popular media such as the New York Times, the Guardian, 3 Quarks Daily, War on the Rocks, among other outlets, and I have appeared on multiple local and national NPR affiliates, the BBC World Service, and other media outlets. PERSONAL WEBSITE   PUBLICATIONS  The Bounds of Defense: Killing, Moral Responsibility, and War (Oxford University Press, in production, March 2023). Outsourcing Duty: The Moral Exploitation of the American Soldier, with Michael Robillard (Oxford University Press, February 2022). Who Should Die? The Ethics of Killing in War, with Ryan Jenkins and Michael Robillard (Oxford University Press, 2017). Binary Bullets: The Ethics of Cyberwar, with Adam Henschke and Fritz Allhoff (Oxford University Press, 2016). Killing bin Laden: A Moral Analysis (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014). Responsibilities to Protect: Perspectives in Theory and Practice, with David Whetham (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2015). Military Ethics and Emerging Technologies, with Timothy J. Demy and George R. Lucas (Routledge, 2014). Opposing Perspectives on the Drone Debate (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014). Killing By Remote Control: The Ethics of an Unmanned Military (Oxford University Press, May 2012). "The Supererogatory Moral Risks of Military Service," Individualization of War Project, forthcoming from Oxford University Press. “Review Essay of In Defense of Gun Control by Hugh LaFollette,” with Bart Kennedy, Criminal Law and Philosophy, April 2021. “The Moral Exploitation of Soldiers,” with Michael Robillard, Public Affairs Quarterly 30, no. 2 (April 2016): 171 – 196. “Autonomous Machines, Moral Judgment, and Acting for the Right Reasons,” with Duncan Purves and Ryan Jenkins, Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 18, no. 4 (August 2015): 851-872. “Assessment, Proportionality, and Justice in War,” with Russell Muirhead, in Assessing War: The Challenge of Measuring Success and Failure, edited by Leo J. Blanken, Jason J. Lepore, and Hy Rothstein (Georgetown University Press, 2015). “Moral Cyber Weapons,” with Dorothy E. Denning, in The Ethics of Information Warfare, edited by Luciano Floridi and Mariarosaria Taddeo (Springer Philosophy & Engineering Technology Series, April 2014). “Active Cyber Defense: Applying Air Defense to the Cyber Domain,” with Dorothy E. Denning, in Cyber Analogies, edited by John Arquilla and Emily O. Goldman, Technical Report sponsored by United States Cyber Command, (Monterey, CA: Department of Defense Information Operations Center for Research, Naval Postgraduate School, 2014). “Defensive Interrogational Torture and Epistemic Limitations” Public Affairs Quarterly, Vol 27, no. 4 (October 2013): 311-340. “Revisionist Just War Theory and the Real World: A Cautiously Optimistic Proposal,” in Routledge Handbook of Ethics and War: Just War in the 21st Century, edited by Fritz Allhoff, Adam Henschke, & Nick Evans, (Routledge Press, 2013). Guest Editor: Journal of Military Ethics, Vol. 12, no. 1, 2013; Special Issue: “Cyberwar and Ethics.” “Walking the Tightrope of Just War,” Analysis 71 (July 2011): 533-544. “Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles,” Journal of Military Ethics 9, no. 4 (December 2010): 342-368. “Rea’s Revenge and the Persistent Problem of Persistence for Realism,” Philosophia 39, no. 2 (May 2011): 375-391. “Those Frightening Men: A New Interpretation of Plato’s Battle of Gods and Giants,” Epoche 16, no. 2 (Spring 2012): 217 – 232. “The Normative Structure of Human Rights: a review of James Griffin’s On Human Rights,” (essay-length review article), Journal of Human Rights 10, no. 1, (February 2011): 112-119. “A Review of James Griffin’s On Human Rights,” (with Paul Bloomfield), Analysis 71, no. 1 (2011): 195 – 197.

Kristen Tsolis
Lecturer
M.A. International Policy Studies, Middlebury Institute, 1999
ktsolis@nps.edu
Kristen Tsolis is Director of the RoboDojo, an NPS open community venue where “tinkerers” of all abilities can explore and learn more about robotics and electronics. NPS students and faculty use the RoboDojo for higher-resolution prototyping of their concepts in response to design challenges. She is also a Lecturer in the Department of Defense Analysis, leads geospatial analysis-related research in the CORE Lab, and is working with robots and sensors in order to collect structured data for analytical purposes. Kristen holds a Masters in International Policy Studies and is currently pursuing her PhD in Software Engineering. She was a Visiting Scholar with the Computer Security Response Team (CERT/CC) and teaches "Geospatial and Temporal Aspects of Dark Networks", "Computer Networking", "Systems Analysis and Design" and co-teaches "Computer Network Attack and Defense."  

John Tullius
Faculty Associate (Instruction)
Expertise: Defense Analysis, Intelligence, Terrorism
Ph.D., University of Oregon Political Science, 1997
jdtulliu@nps.edu
831-346-9022
Mr. John Tullius retired from the CIA in 2019 after serving three years as the Agency’s faculty Representative to NPS from 2016, when he intelligence-related classes on Covert Action, HUMINT, CPWMD and International Terrorism.  Prior to his retirement, John held a variety of positions, including managing China S&T analysis, working overseas as the Iranian nuclear expert, managing a group of big data analysts, and then managing OSE’s bureaus in Europe and the Middle East during the Arab Spring, emergence of foreign fighters, and ISIS. John is also a Senior Vice President for Grist Mill Exchange, a company that provides unique commercially available datasets to government agencies. He is also a senior advisor to Orbis Operations, where he has helped a friendly foreign government develop a large OSINT and analytic department. Retired CIA 2019 after serving in a variety of positions: CIA Faculty Rep to NPS from 2016-2019: taught intel classes and helped build programs to increase student access to cutting edge technologies. Open Source Enterprise Bureau Chief (2014-2016) while living in the region, responsible for all of Middle East and North Africa coverage, including ISIS, and the wars in Iraq and Syria. Open Source Enterprise Bureau Chief (2010-14), responsible for all of European coverage during the Arab Spring, Syria, and the emergence of the foreign fighter problem. Deputy Group Chief (2007-2010) of the Directorate of Intelligence's Analytic Methodology Group, which applied Big Data, Social Network Analysis, Geospatial, and other unique methods to solve complex problems. Iran Nuclear Expert (2005-2007). Living in Europe, worked with a U.S. Mission to collect and analyze Iranian nuclear developments. China proliferation and S&T analytic manager and senior analyst tracking China's emerging S&T prowess and defense industrial modernization. Military Experience: Infantry Officer, Oregon National Guard, 1990-1997   PUBLICATIONS Putin Likely Didn’t Plan on Publicly Available Information in his War in Ukraine, The Cipher Brief, March 15 2022 Implications of the Diffusion of Commercially Available Technologies on the Conduct of Sensitive Operations, Strategic Latency Unleashed: The Role of Technology in a Revisionist Global Order and the Implications for Special Operations Forces, Editors: Zachary S. Davis, Frank Gac, Christopher Rager, Phillip Reiner, and Jennifer Snow, 2021 Developing Analytic Capabilities, The Conduct of Intelligence in Democracies: Processes, Practices,Cultures, ed. Matei and Halladay, 2019

Tristan Volpe
Associate Professor
Expertise: Technology and International Security, Coercion and Competition, Security Studies, IR Theory
Ph.D., Political Science, George Washington University, 2015
tvolpe1@nps.edu
Tristan A. Volpe is an assistant professor in the Defense Analysis Department at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), where he studies how technology shapes coercion, cooperation, and competition among nations. He is also a nonresident fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP). His most recent book, Leveraging Latency: How the Weak Compel the Strong with Nuclear Technology, was published with Oxford University Press in 2023. Prior to NPS, Dr. Volpe was a fellow at Carnegie (2015-2017) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2013-2015). He received degrees in political science from the George Washington University (Ph.D.) and the University of California, Los Angeles (B.A.). PUBLICATIONS Book: Tristan A. Volpe, Leveraging Latency: How the Weak Compel the Strong with Nuclear Technology (Oxford University Press, 2023) Recent Articles: Nicholas L. Miller and Tristan A. Volpe, “The Rise of the Autocratic Nuclear Marketplace,” Journal of Strategic Studies, April 3, 2022, 1–39, https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2022.2052725 ; Eric Brewer, Nicholas L. Miller, and Tristan Volpe, “Ukraine Won’t Ignite a Nuclear Scramble: Why Russia’s War Might Boost Nonproliferation,” Foreign Affairs, November 17, 2022, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ukraine/ukraine-wont-ignite-nuclear-scramble  PERSONAL WEBSITE

Camber Warren
Associate Professor
Expertise: Qualitative Methods, International Security, Conflict Processes, Ethnic Politics, Statistical Methods, and Computational Modeling
Ph.D., Political Science, Duke University, 2008
tcwarren@nps.edu
Prior to arriving in Monterey, I served as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with the International Conflict Research (ICR) group and the Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS) at ETH Zurich, and at Princeton’s Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance, after graduating with a Ph.D. in Political Science from Duke University, with concentrations in International Relations and Quantitative Methods. My research focuses on the study of international security, conflict processes, ethnic politics, statistical methods, and computational modeling. I am particularly interested in building new linkages between micro- and macro-level evidence in the study of armed conflict, both within and between states. My first book project, The Breakdown of Peace, examines the political economy of symbolic national attachments and the emergence of domestic mass violence. The central argument is that the political pursuit of violent fragmentation is less likely to succeed in countries with strong mass media structures, because such structures generate opportunities for political entrepreneurs to successfully deploy inclusive mobilizational appeals on a national scale. This framework thus endogenizes the emergence of intra-state security dilemmas, by describing the structural conditions under which divided group loyalties are more likely to emerge. It also overturns much of the conventional wisdom concerning the relationship between media and collective violence by demonstrating that mass communication networks, which have frequently been blamed for stoking inter-group animosities, can actually serve as powerful forces for domestic peace and stability. Concurrently, I am also developing independent and collaborative projects on alliance formation, nationalism, war severity, and the emergence of the modern state system.

Amelia Weld
Faculty Associate - Research
Expertise: Global ECCO, Strategic/Serious Games, Partnership Building

amsimune@nps.edu
831-656-6297
Amelia Weld is a Faculty Associate for Research with the GlobalECCO project funded by the Regional Defense Fellowship Program. She is an experienced strategic gaming facilitator, content creator, and alumni engagement specialist. Driven by a desire to help individuals make meaningful connections and valuable discoveries, she takes pride in supporting educational and training courses with enthusiasm. In addition to her twelve years working in the national defense and countering threats field, she holds the position of Contracting Officer Representative (COR) managing government contracts to meet the requirements of ongoing research and development, and the master’s degree program within the Defense Analysis department at NPS. She is an Alumni of Pepperdine University.

Lieutenant General (Retired) Eric Wendt
Professor of Practice
Expertise: Command and Leadership
M.A. National Security Affairs (Special Operations Curriculum), Naval Postgraduate School, 1995; Fellow, Naval Postgraduate School, 2005; Distinguished Alumnus, Naval Postgraduate School, 2018
Eric.wendt@nps.edu
Retired Lieutenant General Eric Wendt served over thirty-four years of active-duty commissioned service, including four and a half years in the light infantry, followed by 30 years as a Special Forces Green Beret which included 55 months of combat deployments. He speaks Arabic and Korean. His final assignment on active duty was as the fifth Commander of NATO Special Operations Forces Command (NATO Allied SOFCOM) before retiring from uniformed military service in 2021.  As a General Officer he served as the sole Deputy Commanding General (for both Operations and Support) for the 13,500 multinational troops from 17 countries in Regional Command-North in Afghanistan; as a Sub-Unified Theater Special Operations Commander (TSOC Commander), as the Commanding General of the JFK Special Warfare Center and School; as the Chief of Staff for the United States INDOPACOM; he also led an eight-country coalition as the three-star United States Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, working in multiple countries throughout the Middle East in that assignment. He completed his uniformed military career as the fifth Commander of NATO Special Operations Forces Command (NATO SOFCOM).  LTG (Ret.) Wendt commanded multiple separate organizations for 13 years at tactical, operational and strategic levels while participating in numerous peacetime training and combat operations throughout the globe. He also served as the Principal Military Assistant to the Secretary of Defense.  LTG (Ret.) Wendt received his bachelor’s degree from the University of California at Santa Barbara, and received his master’s degree in 1995 from the Naval Postgraduate School (he was in the third class of what today is the Defense Analysis program). Ten years later, he successfully completed a yearlong academic fellowship in the Naval Postgraduate School’s Department of Defense Analysis. In 2018 he was recognized as a Distinguished Alumnus of the Naval Postgraduate School. Since retiring from uniformed service in 2021, LTG (Ret.) Wendt worked from 2022-2025 as one of two DOD Senior Mentors in Korea.  He has published multiple military professional journal articles, and today teaches Command and Leadership as a Professor of Practice at the Naval Postgraduate School in the Department of Defense Analysis. LTG (Ret.) Wendt has significant guests who are strategic leaders from military, business, interagency, international and other fields speak with his Command and Leadership courses, and he serves as the moderator when these guest speakers provide their “Fireside Chats” to the entire assembled Naval Postgraduate School student body. In 2023 he was inducted into the US Army ROTC National Hall of Fame, and in 2023 was also one of four inducted into the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC) Hall of Fame. PUBLICATIONS Eric P. Wendt, “Strategic Counterinsurgency Modeling,” Senior Service College Fellowship Strategic Research Project, US Army War College (July 2005), pp. i-31 Eric P. Wendt, “Strategic Counterinsurgency Modeling,” Special Warfare, Vol 18, Issue 2, (September 2005): pp. 2-13 Eric P. Wendt, “The Green Beret Volckmann Program: Maximizing the Prevent Strategy,” Special Warfare, Vol 24, issue 3, (July 2011): pp. 10-16 Eric P. Wendt, “Comprehensive Defense: A Whole-of-Society Approach Via Irregular Forces,” Special Warfare, Vol 34, issue 2, (originally published June 2021, republished in DoD EarlyBird JAN 2022; republished again in The Drop Special Forces Association magazine in the summer 2023 issue).

Matthew Zefferman
Assistant Professor, Quantitative Social Scientist
Ph.D., Cultural Evolution and Human Behavioral Ecology, University of California, Davis, 2013
mrzeffer@nps.edu
In my research I use mathematical models and ethnographic field research to understand human culture, cooperation, and conflict – especially in the contexts of political organization and war. I also have conducted ethnographic fieldwork with Turkana pastoralist warriors in northwest Kenya. They also have a high degree of combat exposure – with about half of adult male mortality due to combat in cattle raids. I am interested in how Turkana organization for war has influenced their susceptibility to combat stress and moral injury. I have interviewed hundreds of warriors about their combat experiences, moral beliefs about warfare, combat stress symptoms, and moral injury.  Before starting as an assistant professor at NPS I was a Donald R. Beall Defense Fellow in my department. Before that I was a postdoctoral research fellow at ASU’s Institute of Human Origins and a member of the Adaptation, Behavior, Culture and Society research group in the School of Human Evolution and Social Change. Before that, I was a postdoctoral researcher at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis and, before that, earned by PhD at the University of California, Davis in the Cultural Evolution and Human Behavioral Ecology Labs.  I am also a US Air Force veteran with six years of service as a civil engineering officer with deployments to the UAE and Afghanistan.